Graphics

Graphics

• Turbo C provides us different functions to perform graphical operations.
• These functions are declared in the header file graphics.h
• If we want to use those functions then we hava to set our display in graphics mode.

Graphics Functions

• detectgraph:-
  This function detects the graphics driver required for our system and the best graphics mode it support
Syntax:
detectgraph(*int *gd,int *gm);

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• initgraph:-
  This function is used to set out display in graphics mode
  Path of BGI file:-
  It indicates the name of the directory where the graphics drivers are located BGI stands for Borland graphics interface.
Syntax:
initgraph(int *gd, int *gm ,char * path of BGI file);

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• closegraph:-
  This function is used to close the graphics mode.
Syntax:
closegraph( );

Graphics Modes

• circle(int x,int y,int r)
  Circle function is used to draw a circle.
• line(int x,int y,int x2,int y2)
  line function is used to draw a line.
• rectangle(int x,inty,int x2,int y2)
  Rectangle function is used to draw a rectangle.

• drawpoly(int num,int *polypoints)
  Drawpoly function is used to draw polygons i.e. triangle, rectangle, pentagon, hexagon etc.
• ellipse(int x,int y,int startangle,int endangle,int rx,int ry)
  Ellipse is used to draw an ellipse.


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#Draw two concentric circles.

  #include<stdio.h>
  #include<conio.h>
  #include<graphics.h>
  main()
  {
    int gd,gm;
    detectgraph(&gd,&gm);
    clrscr();
    initgraph(&gd,&gm,"c://turboc3/bgi");
  
    circle(100,100,100);
    circle(100,100,50);

    getch();
    closegraph();
  }



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#Draw 10 concentric circles.

  #include<stdio.h>
  #include<conio.h>
  #include<graphics.h>
  main()
  {
    int gd,gm,i;
    detectgraph(&gd,&gm);
    clrscr();
    initgraph(&gd,&gm,"c://turboc3/bgi");
  
    for(int i=1;i<=10;i++)
        circle(100,100,i*10);

    getch();
    closegraph();
  }



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• setcolor(int color)
  It sets the color of the drawing operation.16 colors are available.
• BLACK 0
• BLUE 1
• GREEN 2
• CYAN 3
• RED 4
• MAGENTA 5
• BROWN 6
• LIGHTGRAY 7
• DARKGRAY 8
• LIGHTBLUE 9
• LIGHTGREEN 10
• LIGHTCYAN 11
• LIGHTRED 12
• LIGHTMAGENTA 13
• YELLOW 14
• WHITE 15

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#Draw Polygon.

  #include<stdio.h>
  #include<conio.h>
  #include<graphics.h>
  main()
  {
    int gd,gm;
    int points[]={100,0,200,170,0,170,100,0}; 
    detectgraph(&gd,&gm);
    clrscr();
    initgraph(&gd,&gm,"c://turboc3/bgi");

    setcolor(YELLOW);   
    drawpoly(4,points);

    getch();
    closegraph();
 }



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• outtextxy(int x , int y , char * text )
  Display text at specified position
• settextstyle(int font , int orientation , int size )
  Sets font style
• Font 0 – 10
• Orientation 0 – HORIZONTAL
  1 – VERTICAL
• Size 1-10

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#Draw String.
EX:CCIT AMRAVATI

  #include<stdio.h>
  #include<conio.h>
  #include<graphics.h>
  main()
  {
    int gd,gm;
    detectgraph(&gd,&gm);
    initgraph(&gd,&gm,"c://turboc3/bgi");

    setcolor(CYAN);   
    settextstyle(0,0,5);        
    outtextxy(10,10,"CCIT Amravati");
  
    getch();
    closegraph();
  }



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• fillellipse(int x,int y,int xradius,int yradius)
  Ellipse is used to draw an fillellipse.
• fillpoly(int num,int *polypoints )
  Fillpoly function draws and fills a polygon.
• pieslice(int x,int y,int s_angle,int e_angle,int r)
  Draws and fills a pie slice.


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• setfillstyle(int pattern,int color)
  setfillstyle function sets the current fill pattern and fill color.
• Pattern can be 0 - 11


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• floodfill(int x,int y,int BorderColor)
  Fills a bounded region.
• Floodfill function is used to fill an enclosed area.
• Current fill pattern and fill color is used to fill the area.
• (x, y) is any point on the screen if (x,y) lies inside the area then inside will be filled otherwise outside will be filled,border specifies the color of boundary of area




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#Draw Pie Chart.

  #include<stdio.h>
  #include<conio.h>
  #include<graphics.h>
  main()
  {
    fint gd,gm;
    detectgraph(&gd,&gm);
    initgraph(&gd,&gm,"c://turboc3/bgi");

    setfillstyle(1,CYAN);       
    pieslice(200,200,0,30,190);   
    setfillstyle(2,LIGHTGREEN);   
    pieslice(200,200,30,120,190);   
    setfillstyle(3,LIGHTCYAN);   
    pieslice(200,200,120,230,190);   
    setfillstyle(7,YELLOW);   
    pieslice(200,200,230,360,190);
    getch();
    closegraph();
  }



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#Draw 10 concentric circle.

  #include<stdio.h>
  #include<conio.h>
  #include<graphics.h>
  main()
  {
    int gd,gm;
    detectgraph(&gd,&gm);
    initgraph(&gd,&gm,"c://turboc3/bgi");

    for(i=0;i<=9;i++)
    {     
        if(i%2)       
            setfillstyle(1,LIGHTRED);
        else           
            setfillstyle(1,LIGHTBLUE);     
            circle(200,200,200-i*20);       
            floodfill(200,200,WHITE);   
     } 
    getch();
    closegraph();
  }



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Additional Functions

• cleardevice():- graphics.h
  Clears screen.
• delay(int ms):- dos.h
  Delays processing by specified milliseconds
• int random(int max):- stdlib.h
  Returns a random number from 0 to max.
• int kbhit():- conio.h
  Returns true if key is pressed.

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#Draw 10 concentric circle.

  #include<stdio.h>
  #include<conio.h>
  #include<graphics.h>
  main()
  {
    int gd,gm;
    detectgraph(&gd,&gm);
    initgraph(&gd,&gm,"c://turboc3/bgi");

    for(i=0;i<=9;i++)
    {     
        if(i%2)       
            setfillstyle(1,LIGHTRED);
        else           
            setfillstyle(1,LIGHTBLUE);     
        circle(200,200,200-i*20);       
        floodfill(200,200,WHITE);  
        delay(1000); 
    } 
    getch();
    closegraph();
  }



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#Draw Random circle.

  #include<stdio.h>
  #include<conio.h>
  #include<graphics.h>
  main()
  {
    int gd,gm,i,x,y,r;
    detectgraph(&gd,&gm);
    initgraph(&gd,&gm,"c://turboc3/bgi");

    for(i=1;i<=50;i++)  
    {    
        x=random(400);    
        y=random(400);    
        r=random(200);    
        setfillstyle(1,i%6);      
        fillellipse(x,y,r,r);    
        delay(1000);
    }
    getch();
    closegraph();
  }



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• math.h
• double cos(double angle)
• double sin(double angle)


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#Draw Following.

  #include<stdio.h>
  #include<conio.h>
  #include<graphics.h>
  main()
  {
    int gd,gm,i,x,y;
    detectgraph(&gd,&gm);
    initgraph(&gd,&gm,"c://turboc3/bgi");

    for(i=1;i<=50;i++)  
    {    
        x=200+100*cos(i); 
        y=200+100*sin(i);
        circle(x,y,100);
        delay(100);
    }

    getch();
    closegraph();
  }



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#Draw Following.

  #include<stdio.h>
  #include<conio.h>
  #include<graphics.h>
  main()
  {
    int gd,gm,i,x,y;
    detectgraph(&gd,&gm);
    initgraph(&gd,&gm,"c://turboc3/bgi");
    setcolor(LIGHTGREEN);    
    for(i=1;i<=200;i++)
    {    
        x=200+150*cos(i);
        y=200+150*sin(i);    
        circle(x,y,50);  
        delay(100);
    }  
    setcolor(LIGHTRED);  
    for(i=1;i<=200;i++)  
    {    
        =200+75*cos(i); 
        y=200+75*sin(i);    
        circle(x,y,25);  
        delay(100);
    }
    getch();
    closegraph();
  }



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