Structures

Structures

• A structure is a user defined datatype where we can group related data together.

Defining a Structure

• A structure can be defined by using keyword struct .
• The struct statement defines a new data type.
• To define a structure we have to specify all the members that we want to group together along with their datatypes.

struct structureName  
{
    datatype member1 ;
    datatype member2 ;
    ----------------
};  

        struct student
        {
            int rollno;
            char name[20];
            int age;
            char gender;
        };

Design a structure employee containing members empno , name , job and salary.

  struct employee
  {
    int empno;
    char name[20];
    char job[20];
    int salary ;
  };

Design a structure book containing members book_title , Author , price and total_pages.

  struct book
  {
    char book_title[10];
    char author[10];
    int price;
    int total_pages;
  };

Structure Variables

• While defining structre we can specify list of variables after ending brace.
Syntax:

struct structureName  
{
  datatype member1;
  datatype member2;
  ----------------- 
 } variablesList ;

For eg:

        struct student
        {
            int rollno;
            char name[20];
            int age;
            char gender;
        }

• After defining structure, variables can be defined in local or global declaration by using syntax
Syntax:
struct structName variablelist;
For eg:
struct student a,b,c;

Accessing Structure Members

• Whenever a structure variable is created space is reserved for all its members.
• To access any member of a structure, we use the member access operator (.)

#Write a program to read info about a student and display it.Info contains rollno,name, age and gender.

  #include<stdio.h>
  struct student
  {
	int rollno;
	char name[20];
	int age;
	char gender;
  };
  main()
  {
    struct student a;
    printf("Enter RollNo Name Age and Gender : ");
    scanf("%d %s %d %c",&a.rollno,a.name,&a.age,&a.gender);
	
    printf("\nRollNo is %d",a.rollno);
    printf("\nName is %s",a.name);
    printf("\nAge is %d",a.age);
    printf("\nGender is %c",a.gender);
  }
  

#Write a program to read info about a person and check if that person is senior citizen or not. Info contains firstname,lastname,age.

  #include<stdio.h>
  struct person
  {
    char fname[20];
    char lname[20];
    int age;
  };
  main()
  {
    struct person a;
    printf("Enter fname lname and age: ");
    scanf("%s %s %d", a.fname, a.lname, &a.age);
    if(a.age>=60)
        printf("%s %s is Senior Citizen", a.fname, a.lname);
    else
        printf("%s %s is NOT Senior Citizen", a.fname, a.lname);
  }
  

#Write a program to read info about a worker. Info contains name, wages and wdays. Calculate payment of worker and display it with name.

  #include<stdio.h>
  struct worker
  {
    char name[20];
    int wages;
    int wdays;	
  } ;
  main()
  {
    struct worker a;
    int p;
    printf("Enter Name wages and wdays: ");
    scanf("%s %d %d", a.name, &a.wages, &a.wdays);
    p=a.wages*a.wdays;
    printf("Payment of %s is %d", a.name , p);
  }
  

#Write a program to read info about 2 workers. Info contains name, wages and wdays. Calculate payment of both workers and display it. Also calculate total payment.

  #include<stdio.h>
  struct worker
  {
    char name[20];
    int wages;
    int wdays;
  };
  main()
  {
    struct worker a, b;
    int p1 , p2 , t;
    printf("Enter Name wages and wdays: ");
    scanf("%s %d %d", a.name, &a.wages, &a.wdays);
    printf("Enter Name wages and wdays ");
    scanf("%s %d %d", b.name, &b.wages, &b.wdays);
    p1 = a.wages*a.wdays;
    p2 = b.wages*b.wdays;
    t = p1 + p2;
    printf("\nPayment of %s is %d", a.name, p1 );
    printf("\nPayment of %s is %d", b.name, p2 );
    printf("\nTotal Payment is %d", t);
  }